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Grace Hopper developed FLOW-MATIC and A-O, two early program compilers that allowed a user to write in a higher-level programming language without worrying about entering machine code or binary. Additionally, she later created the higher level programming language COBOL. Prior to the development of COBOL, computers were seen as expensive adding machines without much use for businesspeople. COBOL continues to be used in applications on mainframe computers, although some of these applications are being migrated to cloud computers.
Relevant Links: "Grace Hopper." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, Gale, 1998. Gale in Context: Biography
Mannikko, Nancy Farm. "Hopper Invents the Computer Language COBOL." Salem Press Encyclopedia, Salem Press, 1 Jan. 2023. Research Starters
Purdy, Elizabeth Rholetter. "Grace Hopper." Salem Press Biographical Encyclopedia, Salem Press, 1 Jan. 2022. Research Starters
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Guido Van Rossum decided to make an interpreter for a language that would appeal to Unix and C hackers. Through this, he created Python, a programming language that can work with multiple styles of programming, is very well known, and has syntax that is easy to understand. Though Van Rossum never intended for Python to have any use beyond a narrow niche, it has regardless developed into a popular language that can be used in many places. Van Rossum also worked to help create a web-based code review system for Google, which led Google to later promote the strengths of web-based collaboration using services such as Google Docs.
Relevant Links: Hsu, Hansen. "2018 MUSEUM FELLOW GUIDO VAN ROSSUM, PYTHON CREATOR & BENEVOLENT DICTATOR FOR LIFE." Computer History Museum
Kte'pi, Bill. "Guido Van Rossum." Salem Press Biographical Encyclopedia, Salem Press, 1 Jan. 2022. Research Starters
Kte'pi, Bill, MA. "Python (programming Language)." Salem Press Encyclopedia of Science, Salem Press, 1 Jan. 2023. Research Starters
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Sir Timothy Berners-Lee joined hypertext together with the internet to create the world wide web. Additionally, he created one of the first internet browsers, also known as the World Wide Web. He also published the first website around this time. It explained the World Wide Web Project, as well as how users could set up browsers and create their own websites. The main reason behind the World Wide Web's creation was to allow researchers to share data without having to exchange emails repeatedly.
Relevant Links: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tim-Berners-Lee
https://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee
https://home.cern/science/computing/birth-
web
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